Regular Expressions
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This article is an introduction to an extremely powerful tool available to any programmer, Regular Expressions.
Operators
- ^ represents the start of the string to search, or a newline in multiline mode. It is optional. Note that if you use syntax such as '^.*', you can just remove it altogether: it's better just not to use ^ in this case.
- $ delimits the end of the string or just before the newline in multiline mode. It is optional.
- *? is the non-greedy operator, it will match as little text as possible. +?, ??, or {m,n}? are also available.
- ? allows to match optionally only one expression. It should be put after the expression, eg ab? will match either a or ab.
Regular expressions in Python
Official documentation available here.
Basic Operations
You can perform two basic operations: search and match. In Perl, search is always used.
- match(): Determine if the RE matches at the beginning of the string.
- search(): Scan through a string, looking for any location where this RE matches.
Groups
In a regular expression, we often want to extract a particular piece of information from a string. We need to enclose the relevant "sub expression" in parenthesis. In Python, we can then refer to this group by its number, or, if we add ?P<name> to the group, by its name. To create a group which will not be available later for retrieval, write (?:expression).
- Example:
- regular_expression = re.compile(r"&price=(?P<Price>.*)&quantity=(?P<Quantity>.*)")
- math_object = regular_expression.search(query_string)
- We could access the price value by math_object.group(1) or math_object.group('Price'). For the quantity, it would be group(2) or group('Quantity').